„In the United States the annual tuition fees for a bachelor’s or equivalent programme are USD 8 804 per year in public institutions compared to USD 29 748 per year in independent private institutions.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Education Indicators in Focus 64 (Februar 2020), S. 4.

„The average annual fee in 2016 was £16,119, but within this there is much variation between day and boarding schools, and between senior and junior schools.“
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Francis Green u. a., Who Chooses Private Schooling in Britain and Why (2020), S. 18.
In der Unterstufe betrugen die Schulgebühren an den britischen Privatschulen im Schnitt bereits 13.800 Euro, in der Oberstufe 34.600 Euro. (Quelle: ibidem)

„In den Vereinigten Staaten verlangen unabhängige private Bildungseinrichtungen von inländischen Bildungsteilnehmern für Bachelor- oder gleichwertige Bildungsgänge mit durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bildungsgebühren von 29.500 US-Dollar mehr als das Dreifache der durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bildungsgebühren an öffentlichen Bildungseinrichtungen (8.800 US-Dollar).“
OECD (Hrsg.), Bildung auf einen Blick 2019 (2019), S. 368.

„Today, there are eight hundred 'independent' schools across Sweden; many of them run by profit-seeking companies. Twelve percent of compulsory school students and 24 percent of senior high school students attend independent schools.“
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Matthias Doepke u. a., „Love, Money and Parenting“ (2019), S. 297

Frankreich: „Although in theory all public high schools (lycées) offer the same curriculum in the framework of the national education system, in practice there is a common perception that some schools are much better than others. […] In recent years, an increasing number of private lycées have climbed the ladder in rankings.“ Univ.-Prof. Dr. Matthias Doepke u. a., „Love, Money and Parenting“ (2019), S. 302f

England: „The fees for private schools have trebled in real terms since 1980, the average reaching, by 2015, 50 percent of median family income.“
Dr. Morag Henderson u. a., Private schooling, subject choice, upper secondary attainment and progression to university (2019), S. 2.

England: „Decision makers in government, business and the judiciary are still dominated by the seven per cent of the population who are educated privately and the one per cent who go to Oxford or Cambridge University.“
Martina Milburn, Chair of the Social Mobility Commission, Vorwort zu The Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), Elitist Britain 2019 (2019).

„In 2000, less than 10 % of 15-year-old students in the United Kingdom were enrolled in a privately managed school; by 2015, 56 % were.“
OECD (Hrsg.), „Balancing School Choice and Equity: An International Perspective Based on PISA“ (2019), S. 28

„Tuition fees exceed USD 10 000 in England (United Kingdom), where the majority of students enrol in government-dependent private institutions. […] In Canada, where annual average tuition fees in public institutions are around USD 5 300, tuition fees range from USD 2 250 to USD 7 000. […] In the United States (average fees of USD 8 800), tuition fees range from USD 6 700 to USD 10 750.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Education at a Glance 2019 (2019), S. 316.

„The share of private funds for tertiary education in Austria, Finland, Iceland, Luxembourg and Norway accounted for 8 % or less in 2016, while it was 64 % and over of the total expenditures in Chile, Japan, United Kingdom and United States.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Government at a Glance 2019 (2019), S. 180.
In Österreich betrug der private Anteil an den Kosten für das tertiäre Bildungswesen 6,4 %, im OECD-Mittel 31,2 %. (Quelle: ibidem, S. 181)

Südkorea: „Households finance around a quarter of the expenditures for upper and post-secondary education and 45 % of expenditures for tertiary education.“
OECD (Hrsg.), Investing in Youth. Korea (2019), S. 22.

England: „The gap in attainment in public exams between children who attend independent schools and those who attend state schools is significant.“
Social Mobility Commission (Hrsg.), State of the Nation 2018-19: Social Mobility in Great Britain (2019), S. 37.

„In England, the pupil teacher ratio in the state sector was 17:1 in 2016 compared to 8.6:1 in the private sector. In practice this means children receive more individual attention, more pastoral support and smaller class sizes. Children from independent schools also typically enjoy a wider range of extra-curricular opportunities than those educated in the state sector. Attending an independent school brings disproportionate privileges in terms of exam results, prestige of position in the labour market, and income.“
Social Mobility Commission (Hrsg.), State of the Nation 2018-19: Social Mobility in Great Britain (2019), S. 54.

England: „The costs of private schooling are high and have recently risen. By 2018 the average annual fee before any extras was £14,280 for day school and £33,684 for boarding school.“
Social Mobility Commission (Hrsg.), State of the Nation 2018-19: Social Mobility in Great Britain (2019), S. 55.

England: „Students at private schools, especially those with the highest fees, have access to high quality teaching and facilities, and much greater levels of resource than schools in the state educational sector. […] Independent school pupils applying to higher education in England are seven times more likely to gain a place at Oxford or Cambridge compared to those from non-selective state schools, and twice as likely to gain a place in the Russell Group.“
The Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), Elitist Britain 2019 (2019), S. 12.

England: „The reality is that the vast majority of disadvantaged young people are educated in the state sector, and in comprehensive schools in particular – and the vast majority of those educated in private schools are from affluent backgrounds.“
The Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), Elitist Britain 2019 (2019), S. 12.

„Weitgehend unbemerkt von der mehrheitlich staatlichen Schullandschaft in Europa entstehen in den Emerging-Markets neue Bildungskonzerne. Laut einer Untersuchung der brasilianischen Bank Itaú BBA gehören die Schulkonzerne GEMS aus Dubai, Cognita aus Grossbritannien, Inspired aus Australien und Nord Anglia Education aus Hongkong zu den Unternehmen weltweit mit dem höchsten Wachstumspotenzial – neben den brasilianischen Kroton und Grupo SEB (Sistema Educacional Brasileiro).“

Neue Zürcher Zeitung online am 24. Mai 2018

„Koreanische Eltern zahlen bis zu 20 Millionen Won pro Jahr, umgerechnet 15 000 Euro, für einen solchen Kindergartenplatz. Drei- bis viermal mehr als für eine Vorschule, in der nur Koreanisch gesprochen wird. Schon seit 1995 gibt es in Korea Kindergarten-Versionen bekannter Englisch-Sprachtests.“

Süddeutsche Zeitung online am 23. Jänner 2018

„Koreas Haushalte geben mehr als zehn Prozent ihres Budgets oder zusammen jährlich etwa 19 Billionen Won, 14,5 Milliarden Euro, für die Hagwon aus, einen großen Teil davon für Englischunterricht.“

Süddeutsche Zeitung online am 23. Jänner 2018

„In den OECD-Ländern machen private Mittel für die Finanzierung von Bildungseinrichtungen im Durchschnitt etwa 16 Prozent der Gesamtmittel aus.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Bildung auf einen Blick 2018, OECD-Indikatoren“ (2018), S. 349

In Österreich sind es etwa 5 Prozent.

„In allen Ländern ist der Anteil privater Mittel an der Bildungsfinanzierung im Tertiärbereich weitaus höher (durchschnittlich fast 31 Prozent der Gesamtausgaben in diesem Bildungsbereich) als in den vorgelagerten Bildungsbereichen.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Bildung auf einen Blick 2018, OECD-Indikatoren“ (2018), S. 350

Österreich gehört zu den wenigen OECD-Staaten, in denen dies nicht oder kaum zutrifft.

Südkorea: „Household expenditure in Korea still accounts for a large proportion of the funding of tertiary educational institutions. In tertiary education, nearly half (45 %) of total tertiary education expenditure is funded by households, compared with 22 % on average among OECD countries.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2018. Country Note Korea“ (2018), S. 3

Österreich gehört mit nur 3 Prozent zu den OECD-Staaten mit dem kleinsten Anteil. (Quelle: OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2018“ (2018), Fig. C3.2.

„In Korea […] sind 80 Prozent der Bildungsteilnehmer im Tertiärbereich an privaten Bildungseinrichtungen eingeschrieben, und mehr als 42 Prozent des Bildungshaushalts stammen aus Bildungsgebühren.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Bildung auf einen Blick 2017“ (2017), S. 238

„In Australien, Japan und Korea betragen die Bildungsgebühren fur einen Bachelor- oder gleichwertigen Bildungsgang in privaten Bildungseinrichtungen mehr als 8.000 US-Dollar gegenüber 4.500 US-Dollar bis 5.300 US-Dollar in öffentlichen Bildungseinrichtungen. In den Vereinigten Staaten verlangen unabhängige private Bildungseinrichtungen für Bachelor- oder gleichwertige Bildungsgänge mit durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bildungsgebühren von fast 21.200 US-Dollar mehr als das Zweieinhalbfache der durchschnittlichen jährlichen Bildungsgebühren an öffentlichen Bildungseinrichtungen (rund 8.200 US-Dollar).“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Bildung auf einen Blick 2017“ (2017), S. 261f

„Nicht zuletzt durch den Privatisierungsschub im Bildungsbereich und flankiert durch Tendenzen der Internationalisierung konnte sie aus der Peripherie des Bildungswesens heraustreten und sich als „unverzichtbares“ schulaffines Angebot etablieren.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klaus Birkelbach u. a., „Außerschulische Nachhilfe“ (2017), S. 40

„On average, students that use vouchers to attend private schools do less well on tests than similar students that do not attend private schools.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Mark Dynarski u. a., „More findings about school vouchers and test scores, and they are still negative“. In: „Evidence Speaks Reports“, 2017, Vol. 2, # 18, Executive Summary

„When there is insufficient public spending in education and investment in education depends very much on individuals’ ability to invest according to their income or wealth. […] Expenditure in education needs to be increased and primarily financed by public sources.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Educational Opportunity for All“ (2017), S. 45

„Der multinationale Konzern Pearson mit weltweit 40.000 Mitarbeiter/innen, der die Verlage Addison-Wesley und Penguin-Random-House, Zeitungen wie der Financial Times, Vergnügungsparks und Madame-Tussaud-Wachsfigurenkabinette besitzt, hat sich in weiten Teilen der USA eine Monopolstellung gesichert. Er verkauft den US-Bundesstaaten nicht nur Tests, sondern bietet auch darauf abgestimmte Lehrbücher sowie Lern- und Lehrsoftware an.“

Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Franz Rauch u. a., „Auswirkungen von Schulrankings auf Unterricht, Schulorganisation und Bildungssystem“ (November 2016), S. 22

„Die marktkonforme Öffnung der Schulen für private Angebote („Charter Schools“ in den USA, „Academies“ in England) als Konkurrenz zu den staatlichen Schulen führte zu keinen Verbesserungen der Schulqualität.“

Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Franz Rauch u. a., „Auswirkungen von Schulrankings auf Unterricht, Schulorganisation und Bildungssystem“ (November 2016), S. 17

„Ability stratification based on geography is common in the United States, and public/private school divisions remain relatively common in Australia and Great Britain.“

Dr. Philip Parker u. a., „A Multination Study of Socioeconomic Inequality in Expectations for Progression to Higher Education“. In: „American Educational Research Journal“, February 2016, Vol. 53, No. 1, S. 24

„In Sweden, a country in which education vouchers have been readily available since the early 1990s, it appears that an important means for private schools to attract voucher students involves grade inflation. That is, a school appears more attractive if students perceive that it is easier to make better grades on teacher-grades tests.“

Mercedes Schneider, „School Choice. The End of Public Education?“ (2016), S. 35

„Even though vouchers to attend private schools are readily available to all Swedish students, as of 2014, only 14 % of Swedish parents of 15-years-old students elected to use vouchers.“

Mercedes Schneider, „School Choice. The End of Public Education?“ (2016), S. 36

„In Japan, Lebanon, Peru, Qatar, Chinese Taipei and the United Arab Emirates, at least one in four students are enrolled in government-independent private schools.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „PISA 2015 Results (Volume II): Policies and Practices for Successful Schools (2016), S. 124

„Parents in more advantaged class positions will respond to any expansion or reform of the educational system by using their own superior resources – economic, cultural and social – to whatever extent it takes to help their children retain a competitive edge in the system and in turn in the labour market.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. John Goldthorpe, The Guardian online am 12. März 2016

Estland, Europas PISA-2015-Sieger: „Privately-run schools receive public funding on the same terms as public schools and can also charge tuition fees. They can also return profits to owners. The decision to provide private schools with public funds is designed to increase the amount of school choice in the education system.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „OECD Reviews of School Resources – Estonia“ (2016), S. 120

England: „In medicine, nearly two thirds (61 %) of top doctors were educated at independent schools, nearly one quarter at grammar schools (22 %) and the remainder (16 %) comprehensives. […] In journalism, about half (51 %) of the country’s leading journalists were educated privately, less than one in five (19 %) went to comprehensives.“

Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), „Leading People 2016 - The educational backgrounds of the UK professional elite“ (2016), S. 2

England: „Over the last twenty-five years, 19 winners of the Nobel Prize have been born in the UK. Of those educated in the UK, 44 % attended independent schools, 50 % grammar schools and just over 6% went to comprehensives.“

Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), „Leading People 2016 - The educational backgrounds of the UK professional elite“ (2016), S. 41

„In Australia, Chile, Japan, Korea and the United States, over half of the expenditure on tertiary education comes from private sources, accounting for at least 1 % of GDP.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2016“ (2016), S. 199

„In Korea, for example, 80 % of students are enrolled in private institutions, and more than 40 % of the education budget come from tuition fees.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2016“ (2016), S. 213

„In the United States, the average annual tuition fee charged by independent private institutions for bachelor’s or equivalent level is USD 21 189, more than two-and-a-half times the average annual tuition fee in public institutions (USD 8 202). In Japan and Korea, the average annual tuition fee at this level of education is above USD 8 000 in private institutions, while it is closer to USD 5 000 for public institutions.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2016“ (2016), S. 236

„Alle Gesamtschulsysteme haben andere Modi der Segregation entwickelt. Der einfachste und banalste, der übrigens im Moment massiv im Vormarsch ist – da gibt es eine wunderbare 16-Cities-Studie, die sechzehn Großstädte in mehreren Ländern vergleicht –, ist Trägerschaft: öffentlich, privat, frei.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Hopmann, „Bildungsreform 2015 – Fortschritt oder Rückschritt?“, Keynote beim „Weis[s]en Salon“ vom 10. Dezember 2015

„Spanish households responded to immigration by increasing their educational expenditures. This result was mainly driven by an important native flight from tuition-free schools toward private ones.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Lídia Farré u. a., „Immigration and School Choices in the Midst of the Great Recession“ (2015), Abstract

Südkorea: „The share of GDP devoted to educational institutions (for all education levels combined) is among the highest in OECD countries, with one of the highest shares of private funding among OECD countries, mainly as a result of contributions of households.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education Policy Outlook 2015 – Making Reforms Happen“ (2015), S. 256f

Japan: „Yano Research Institute, based in Tokyo, estimated that during the 2012 fiscal year, the private preparatory school market in Japan was valued at $9.2 billion, with private instruction growing in particular.“

New York Times online am 10. August 2014

Kanada: „About 42.6 % of expenditure for tertiary education in 2010 comes from private sources (compared to the OECD average of 30.8 %), including 20 % from household expenditures (such as tuition fees).“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education Policy Outlook. Canada“ (2015), S. 16

Zum Vergleich: In Österreich stammten im Jahr 2010 nur 12,2 % der Ausgaben für das tertiäre Bildungswesen aus „private sources“ und nur 2,6 % aus „household expenditures“. (Quelle: OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2013“ (2013), Table B3.2b)

England: „The gap between more disadvantaged pupils and others had grown wider on average in academies than in comparable maintained schools.“

Sutton Trust (Hrsg.), „The impact of academy chains on low-income students“ (2015), S. 8

„Households pay for more than half of the tertiary costs in the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and Japan.“

UNICEF (Hrsg.), „The Investment Case for Education and Equity“ (2015), S. 37

„Tuition fees for public institutions are higher than USD 2 000 in more than half of the countries with available data, and they exceed USD 4 000 in Australia, Canada, Korea and New Zealand, USD 5 000 in Japan, and USD 8 000 in the United Kingdom (for government-dependent private institutions in England only) and the United States.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators“ (2015), S. 264

Frankreich: „Only students from elite schools or with a Doctorate stand a very good chance at getting top level jobs.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Marie Duru-Bellat, „Access to Higher Education: the French case“ (2015), S. 36

Frankreich: „A recent study shows that among the about 546 top executives belonging to the 40 largest companies, 84 % had attended an elite school, and 46 % were coming from 3 of them.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Marie Duru-Bellat, „Access to Higher Education: the French case“ (2015), S. 41

„Comparing expenditure on primary to tertiary levels of education combined, the share of private funds exceeds 20 % in Canada, Israel, Portugal and the United Kingdom, 25 % in Australia, Japan and New Zealand, 30 % in Colombia, Korea and the United States, and reaches nearly 40 % in Chile.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators“ (2015), S. 240

In Österreich sind es erst 4 %. (ibidem, S. 248)

Japan: „The share of private expenditure on tertiary educational institutions is 66 %, more than twice the OECD average of 30 %.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education Policy Outlook. Japan“ (2015), S. 16

„More than 50 % of the costs of tertiary education are borne by households or other private sources in several OECD countries, including Chile, Korea, the United Kingdom, Japan and the United States.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Government at a Glance 2015“ (2015), S. 174

USA: „More than 80 % of charter schools are either no better or worse than traditional public schools at securing math and reading gains for their students.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. David Berliner, „50 Myths and Lies That Threaten America's Public Schools“ (2014), S. 23f

„Private funding for all levels of education more than doubled in the United Kingdom – and nearly tripled for tertiary education – between 2000 and 2011.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2014 – Country Note United Kingdom“ (2014), S. 5

„The number of students in private schools in Sweden increased sharply over the past decade.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Resources, Policies and Practices in Sweden’s Schooling System“ (2014), S. 14

Australien: „Around 40 % of secondary school students attend private schools which enrol, on average, a higher proportion of students from the upper end of the socio-economic distribution.“

Dr. Jenny Chesters u.a., „Understanding the persistence of inequality in higher education: evidence from Australia“. In: „Journal of Education Policy“, 28:2 (2013), S. 210

Niederlande: „Private schools are allowed to select on the basis of religion or educational philosophy and some non-religious private schools ask significantly higher ‘voluntary’ fees.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Henry Levin u. a., „Does educational privatisation promote social justice?“ in „Oxford Review of Education“, 2013, Vol. 39, No. 4, S. 523

„Top performers in science at age 15 tend to be in schools where others are also high performers and from relatively advantaged socio-economic backgrounds. Many such schools select students according to their academic record and many of them are private.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Education Today 2013“ (2013), S. 106

„Private expenditure for primary and lower secondary education in Korea accounts for 21.5 % of the total investment, one of the highest proportions among OECD countries.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Lessons from PISA for Korea“ (2014), S. 190

In Österreich macht dieser privat finanzierte Anteil 4,5 % aus. (Quelle: OECD (Hrsg.), „Education at a Glance 2013“ (2013), S. 206)

„As standardised student assessment becomes a more profitable industry, companies have strong incentives to lobby for the expansion of student standardised assessment as an educational policy therefore influencing the activities within the evaluation and assessment framework.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Synergies for Better Learning“ (2013), S. 51

„At the compulsory level, the proportion of students attending independent schools has grown from about 0.9 % to 10 % between 1990 and 2008. At the upper secondary level, the share has increased from 1.5 % to 20 % during the same period.“

OECD (Hrsg.), „Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education – Sweden“ (2011), S. 27

England: „7 % of the British children aged between 4 and 18 years attend independent schools […] There is fierce competition for admission, as for many parents it is important to send their children to an independent school, and they are willing to pay even a high price.“

Dr. Judit Pásku u. a., „Talent Development Traditions and New Endeavours in Great Britain in the 21st Century“. In: Győri, „International horizons of talent support. Best practices within and without the European Union“ (2011), S. 101

China: „Since the 1990s, family education expenditure increases at an average rate of 29.3 percent every year which is faster than the increase of family income, higher than the increases of other consumption expenditure and also higher than the growth of China’s GDP.“

Dr. Wei Li u. a., „An Analysis on Social and Cultural Background of the Resistance for China’s Education Reform and Academic Pressure“ in „International Education Studies“, Vol. 3, No 3; August 2010, S. 213f

„Gerade in Ländern mit staatlichen Gesamtschulen präferieren viele Eltern ‚elitäre‘ Privatschulen, wobei die Differenzierung bzw. Schullaufbahnentscheidung oft schon viel früher als in Deutschland getroffen werden muss.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Kurt Heller, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 21. Jänner 2010

„The private school sector plays a prominent role in British society. […] Earnings and education differentials have risen significantly over time for privately educated versus state educated individuals.“

Univ.-Prof. Dr. Francis Green u. a., „The changing economic advantage from private schools“ (2010), S. 15