In Deutschland bestehen sozioökonomische Leistungsunterschiede bereits zu Schulbeginn und bleiben bestehen, während sie in Frankreich erst im Verlauf der Schulzeit deutlich sichtbar werden …

„In PISA, inequalities are similar in France and Germany, yet at age 6–8, the gradient in France is only one third the size of that in Germany. […] Low SES children start a long way behind in Germany and remain there, whereas low SES children start on a remarkably equal footing in France in international terms but fall behind sharply during the course of schooling.“

Jascha Dräger u.a., Cross-national Differences in Socioeconomic Achievement Inequality in Early Primary School (2024), S. 8f.