„Behavioural risk factorssuch as truancy, disruptive behaviour, crime involvement, and substance abuse – are associated with lower educational attainment. Such negative behaviour may disrupt progress and attainment in education directly through school exclusion or disengagement or indirectly by generating punitive school responses and reducing students‘ opportunities to engage positively with learning environments. These results reinforce the importance of behavioural interventions, particularly those that address underlying psychological determinants, as an integral component of strategies to close attainment gaps.“
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Pallavi Banerjee, The home learning Environment and Attainment (2025), S. 56.