„We find evidence of marked country-level variation in the SES gradients in early primary school, with an ordering that remains highly (although not perfectly) stable in international rankings of achievement inequalities at age 15. […] France is the only exception; it had the largest SES gradient in reading in PISA 2018 but the second smallest gradient in early primary school.“
Jascha Dräger u.a., Cross-national Differences in Socioeconomic Achievement Inequality in Early Primary School (2024), S. 12.