„Approximately 70% of fourth-grade students, around age 10, have their own smartphone in OECD countries where there is available PIRLS data. […] Children from low socio-economic groups are at least twice as likely to possess a smartphone than children from high socio-economic groups in Belgium, France, Ireland and Spain. This finding aligns with a few studies suggesting that children of less-educated parents are more likely to receive a smartphone at an earlier age and use it extensively. These studies highlight that social disadvantage is now less associated with a lack of access to smartphones and more with a lack of ability to manage – and sometimes limit – their use.“
OECD (Hrsg.), How’s Life for Children in the Digital Age? (2025), S. 48.