Autor: Gudrun Pennitz

„The striking stability in the SES gradients at age 6–8 and those at age 15 reported in PISA suggest that

„We find evidence of marked country-level variation in the SES gradients in early primary school, with an ordering that remains

„In PISA, inequalities are similar in France and Germany, yet at age 6–8, the gradient in France is only one

„More highly educated parents engage in more complex conversations with their children, use a richer vocabulary, provide higher instruction quality

„The early childhood period is a particularly important one, during which rapid brain development lays the foundations for subsequent learning.“

„When evaluating how far different national school systems reproduce inequality, it is important to know whether they are starting from

„An extensive body of single country studies, particularly for the United States, has established that SES disparities in achievement already